Category: Uncategorized

Abstract: Borrelia, a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria, plays a significant role in infectious diseases, specifically through Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever. These pathogens are transmitted by specific arthropod vectors and are expanding geographically, partly due to climate change and human encroachment into wildlife habitats.

Abstract: Bacteria are among Earth’s most ancient and resilient life forms, central to ecological balance, human health, and technological advancement. This review explores bacterial diversity, ecological contributions, industrial applications, and challenges associated with antibiotic resistance.